See gruda on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grudka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gruda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "grudka"
},
"expansion": "gruda f (diminutive grudka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gru‧da"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 28 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 19 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-3FrCYHaT",
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 28 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-9dQ1mrxO",
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 58 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 28 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground",
"frozen mud on a road"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-jMlGAd2V",
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground",
"(Far Masovian) frozen mud on a road"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 28 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 16 58",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "pl:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-TFJfAMuR",
"links": [
[
"scratches",
"scratches"
],
[
"pastern dermatitis",
"pastern dermatitis"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡru.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡru.da]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uda"
},
{
"homophone": "Gruda"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gruda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 7 57 8 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 4 73 5 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pt-verb-Nu-wm8Sf",
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pt-verb-8kLQAHP2",
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grȕda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "гру̏да",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grȕda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grȗdā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudva",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grȕda",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "grȕda f (Cyrillic spelling гру̏да)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gru",
"da"
]
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"id": "en-gruda-sh-noun-3FrCYHaT",
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"snowball"
],
"id": "en-gruda-sh-noun-cwVR9brU",
"links": [
[
"snowball",
"snowball"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrûda/"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrúda",
"word": "гру́да"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "grúda",
"word": "гру́да"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrúda",
"word": "гру́да"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrudá",
"word": "груда́"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "grudka",
"word": "грудка"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "grutka",
"word": "грутка"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "гру̏да"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "grȕda"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rouda"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "hruda"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "hrouda"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "hrúda"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "gruda"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gruda"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "grąd"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "grëda"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hruda"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰréwdos",
"t": "crude, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to grind, to rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "graûds",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Latvian graûds (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grūdai",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grautaz",
"3": "",
"4": "big, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a collective form of Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”). Cognates include Latvian graûds (“grain”), Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”), Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grùda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grùda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grùda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lump, to pile",
"translation": "to lump, to pile",
"word": "gruditi"
},
{
"english": "to clump together",
"translation": "to clump together",
"word": "grudati"
},
{
"english": "tuber (of plants)",
"translation": "tuber (of plants)",
"word": "grudъka"
},
{
"english": "heinous, lousy; November, late autumn",
"translation": "heinous, lousy; November, late autumn",
"word": "grudьnъ"
},
{
"english": "bush, shrub",
"translation": "bush, shrub",
"word": "grumę"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap, lump"
],
"id": "en-gruda-sla-pro-noun-Xc8XJh8d",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uda",
"Rhymes:Polish/uda/2 syllables",
"pl:Veterinary medicine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grudka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gruda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "grudka"
},
"expansion": "gruda f (diminutive grudka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gru‧da"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground"
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground",
"frozen mud on a road"
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground",
"(Far Masovian) frozen mud on a road"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis"
],
"links": [
[
"scratches",
"scratches"
],
[
"pastern dermatitis",
"pastern dermatitis"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡru.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡru.da]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uda"
},
{
"homophone": "Gruda"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gruda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lump, to pile",
"translation": "to lump, to pile",
"word": "gruditi"
},
{
"english": "to clump together",
"translation": "to clump together",
"word": "grudati"
},
{
"english": "tuber (of plants)",
"translation": "tuber (of plants)",
"word": "grudъka"
},
{
"english": "heinous, lousy; November, late autumn",
"translation": "heinous, lousy; November, late autumn",
"word": "grudьnъ"
},
{
"english": "bush, shrub",
"translation": "bush, shrub",
"word": "grumę"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrúda",
"word": "гру́да"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "grúda",
"word": "гру́да"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrúda",
"word": "гру́да"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrudá",
"word": "груда́"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "grudka",
"word": "грудка"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "grutka",
"word": "грутка"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "гру̏да"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "grȕda"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rouda"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "hruda"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "hrouda"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "hrúda"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "gruda"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "gruda"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "grąd"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "grëda"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hruda"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰréwdos",
"t": "crude, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to grind, to rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "graûds",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Latvian graûds (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grūdai",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grautaz",
"3": "",
"4": "big, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a collective form of Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”). Cognates include Latvian graûds (“grain”), Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”), Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grùda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grùda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grùda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"heap, lump"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grȕda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "гру̏да",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grȕda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grȗdā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudva",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grȕda",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "grȕda f (Cyrillic spelling гру̏да)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gru",
"da"
]
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"snowball"
],
"links": [
[
"snowball",
"snowball"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrûda/"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gruda meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"gruda"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gruda",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"gruda"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gruda",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.